στοιχεῖον

noun

1. one of a row
2. the shadow of the gnomon, which advances regularly hour after hour
3. one of a series, a component part, an element
4. a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma)
5. any one of the component parts of matter, an element
6. the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή, arkhḗ)
7. points, lines, surfaces
8. units
9. parts of speech
10. the major premises of syllogisms
11. commonplaces
12. a simple or elementary principle
13. a planet
14. a sign of the Zodiac